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Billions of people suffer from dental problems. Paradoxically, the deteriorating state of teeth is accompanied by the ever-increasing desire to preserve the best facial appearance, which is significantly influenced by teeth aesthetics. This favors the development of dental materials and manufacturing technologies for dental prosthetics, needed to achieve expected effects of clinical treatment. This reprint focus on enhancing antimicrobial and mechanical properties of polymeric materials and composites for dentistry. In recent years, special attention has been focused on the possibility of giving materials new or improved properties by the introduction of nano or submicron size additives, fibers or whiskers. Using agents such as natural oils to enhance antimicrobial properties remains an exciting idea. Another area of research is the application of antibacterial monomers, which can be copolymerized in resins to kill oral pathogenic microflora. The use of new monomers or new compilations of various monomers to improve mechanical properties has also aroused interest. In addition, we are currently looking for new data regarding colonization of dental materials by pathogenic microbes and their influence on the other properties. Further, there are many new commercially available materials which should be investigated to verify their properties, which is important from the point of view of clinical practice. Original new research and reviews related to any of the topics mentioned above indicate the current directions of development of dental materials. We hope that the presented work will be of interest to readers.

Dental hygiene. --- Preventive dentistry. --- Dentistry --- Dentistry, State --- Medicine, Preventive --- Teeth --- Care and hygiene

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Mit diesem Open Access-Buch veröffentlicht das Institute for Innovation & Valuation in Health Care (InnoValHC) eine von der Schweizerischen Foederatio Analyticorum Medicinalium Helveticorum (FAMH) unterstützte wissenschaftliche Studie, die den gegenwärtigen und zukünftig zu erwartenden Nutzen von Laboranalysen aus der Perspektive von Patienten und Gesellschaft untersucht. Die Labormedizin gilt nach Expertenmeinung als ausschlaggebend für rund 70% aller klinischen Entscheidungen, wird jedoch hinsichtlich ihrer Kosten und des Kosten-Nutzen-Verhältnisses labordiagnostischer Verfahren kritisch betrachtet. Aus dem Inhalt • Problemstellung • Herangehensweise und Methodik der Studie • Krankheitslast und -kosten in der Schweiz • Dimensionen des Nutzens von Diagnostika • Nachweis des Nutzens der Laboratoriumsmedizin • Health Technology Assessments (HTAs) von Diagnostika • Chancen der Präzisionsmedizin • Wirtschaftliche Bedeutung der Laboratoriumsmedizin in der Schweiz Die Autoren Univ.-Prof. Dr. med. Michael Schlander, M.B.A., seit 2017 Professor für Gesundheitsökonomie an der Universität Heidelberg und Leiter der Abteilung für Gesundheitsökonomie am DKFZ in Heidelberg. Außerdem Vorstand und wissenschaftlicher Leiter des gemeinnützigen Institute for Innovation & Valuation in Health Care mit Sitz in Wiesbaden (seit 2005). Ramon Schäfer, M.A. in Innovation Management, B.Sc. in Betriebswirtschaftslehre, seit 2015 wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter am Institute for Innovation & Valuation in Health Care und seit 2017 wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter am DKFZ. Doktorand in Gesundheitsökonomie an der Medizinischen Fakultät Mannheim der Universität Heidelberg. Lorenz Selberg, Arzt am Spital Bülach, ZH, Master of Health Business Administration; approbierter Gesundheits- und Krankenpfleger, B.A. in Wirtschaftswissenschaften. Seit 2018 wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter am Institute for Innovation & Valuation in Health Care; Doktorand im Bereich der Hämatologie an der Krehl-Klinik in Heidelberg. .

Medicine. --- Public health. --- Clinical Medicine. --- Public Health. --- Community health --- Health services --- Hygiene, Public --- Hygiene, Social --- Public health services --- Public hygiene --- Social hygiene --- Health --- Human services --- Biosecurity --- Health literacy --- Medicine, Preventive --- National health services --- Sanitation --- Health Workforce

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The authors argue that regular monthly bleeding is not the ""natural"" state of women, and that it actually places them at risk of several medical conditions of varying severity. They maintain that while menstruation may be culturally significant, it is not medically meaningful.

Menstruation disorders. --- Menstruation --- Generative organs, Female --- Women --- Health of women --- Health education of women --- Gynecology --- Menstrual disorders --- Social aspects. --- Diseases. --- Health and hygiene. --- Hygiene --- Diseases

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This text charts the legacy of the global HIV/AIDS epidemic to the theory and practice of public health. It describes how advances in techniques and strategies to monitor health events and so forth, all owe a debt to those who have adapted these in response to HIV/AIDS.

AIDS (Disease) --- Public health. --- Community health --- Health services --- Hygiene, Public --- Hygiene, Social --- Public health services --- Public hygiene --- Social hygiene --- Health --- Human services --- Biosecurity --- Health literacy --- Medicine, Preventive --- National health services --- Sanitation --- Acquired immune deficiency syndrome --- Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome --- Acquired immunological deficiency syndrome --- HIV infections --- Immunological deficiency syndromes --- Virus-induced immunosuppression --- Aids (Disease) --- Prevention.

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This collection examines the diverse, and often conflicted, political status of health in the USA from World War II to Covid-19. It moves beyond biomedical conceptions by using the lenses of class, poverty, race, gender, sexuality and locality to study the concepts, policies and lived realities of U.S. healthcare and medicine.

Medical care --- Public health --- Medical policy --- Community health --- Health services --- Hygiene, Public --- Hygiene, Social --- Public health services --- Public hygiene --- Social hygiene --- Health --- Human services --- Biosecurity --- Health literacy --- Medicine, Preventive --- National health services --- Sanitation --- Delivery of health care --- Delivery of medical care --- Health care --- Health care delivery --- Healthcare --- Medical and health care industry --- Medical services --- Personal health services --- History. --- Political aspects